Program Learning Objectives (PLOs)

No.	Attributes	PLOs
1	Physics Knowledge	An ability to apply knowledge of Physics to address the physical/industrial issues and everyday life.
2	Problem Analysis and Design	An ability to literature survey, identify, design, and analyze physical problems reaching substantiated conclusions.
3	Investigation Tools	An ability to select and apply appropriate physics techniques, and resources to investigate the substances and processes.
4	Physics and the Environment	An ability to understand the impact of physical species on the environment and demonstrate knowledge of and need for sustainable physical processes.
5	Dissemination	An ability to communicate effectively the outcomes of physics knowledge and research in the scientific community and society.
6	Project Execution	An ability to design and execute a research project as an independent researcher in a multidisciplinary environment.

First Semester

Code	Course Title	Credit Hours
PH-9001	Nanomaterials Growth and Characterization	3(3-0)
PH-9002	Semiconductor Materials and Devices	3(3-0)
PH-9003	Optical Properties of Solids	3(3-0)
	Total	9(9-0)

Second Semester

Code	Course Title	Credit Hours
	Elective Course – I	3(3-0)
	Elective Course – II	3(3-0)
	Elective Course – III	3(3-0)
	Total	9(9-0)

Semester III - VIII

Code	Course Title	Credit Hours
	Research Thesis	30(0-30)
	Total Credit Hours	48(18-30)

 

LIST OF ELECTIVE COURSES

S.No.	Course Title
1	Atomic and Molecular Physics
2	Nanotechnology and Nanoelectronics
3	Environmental Physics
4	Physics of superconductivity
5	Photovoltaic Energy and its Applications
6	Computer Modeling & Simulation
7	Smart Nanomaterials
8	Theory of Condensed Matter
9	Advance Plasma Physics
10	Advanced thin Film Technology
11	Advanced Characterization Techniques
12	Physics of Surface and Interfaces
13	Medical Physics
14	Antenna Design and Theory

Course outlines (Minimum one paragraph for each course, and minimum 1 text book for each course not older than 5 years)

PH-9001: Nanomaterials Growth and Characterization 3(3-0)

Classification of Nano materials, Size depending Quantum Mechanical aspects, Nano particle synthesis techniques (CBD, MOCVD, SPD, CSS etc.), Characterization techniques (XRD, SEM, TEM, thermal and electrical properties, optical characterizations), Nanodefects, Nanoparticles and Quantum Dots, Nanopatterned surfaces, Nanoscale porous materials and Biological nanostructures.

Recommended Books:

1. H.G. Rubahn, Basics of Nanotechnology, 3rd Edition, publisher Wiley, 2016.
2. S. Challa, Biomimetic and Bioinspired Nanomaterials, Publisher Wiley VCH, 2018.
3. A. Kruge, Carbon Materials and Nanotechnology, Publisher Wiley VCH, 2020.
4. M. Andriy Gusak, Diffusion controlled Solid State Reactions in Alloys, Thin-Films, and Nanosystems, publisher Wiley VCH 2021.
5. N. Andrew & C.bland, Foundations of Nanomechanics” Springer, 2019.

PH-9002: Semiconductor Materials and Devices 3(3-0)

Semiconductor Synthesis and Molecular Characterization: An Introduction to Organic Electronic Materials Synthesis of Poly (3-alkylthiophenes) (P3ATs) Synthesis of Low Bandgap Polymers Molecular and Thermal Characterization Structural and Optical Characterization, Electronic Structure: Atomic and Molecular Orbitals, The Schrodinger Equation, Application of the Schrodinger Equation, The Fermi Energy and The Density of States, Carrier Densities in Intrinsic Semiconductors, Charge Transport: Charge Transport via a Hopping Mechanism Doping in Semiconducting Materials, Multiple Trap and Release (MTR) Model, Transport in Disordered Semiconductors, Organic Field-Effect Transistors, Field-Effect Transistors and Light Emitting Devices: Overview of Organic Photovoltaic Devices, Characterizing Device Parameters in OPVs, Nano structural Impacts in OPV Devices, Interfacial Modifying Layers in OPV Devices Emerging Trends in OPV Devices, Photovoltaic and Emerging Devices:: Introduction to Organic Light-emitting Devices: Design Considerations for OLEDs, Introduction to Polymer Thermoelectric Devices, State-of-the-Art in Polymer Thermoelectric.

Recommended Books:

1. A. Rocket, The Materials Science of Semiconductors, Springer, 2012.
2. M. Grundmann, The Physics of Semiconductors: An Introduction Including Nanophysics and Applications, Springer, 2015.
3. D. K. Schroder, Semiconductor material and device characterization Wiley, 2015.
4. W. A. Harison, Electronics structures and the properties of Solids: physics of chemical bonds, 2015.
5. L. Solymar, Electrical properties of materials, Oxford Press, 2020.

PH-9003: Optical Properties of Solids 3(3-0)

Classification of optical processes, optical coefficients, optical materials, microscopic models, classical propagation of light in optical medium, atomic oscillators, vibrational oscillators, the Lorentz oscillators, Multiple resonances, the Kramer- Kroni relationships, Dispersion relations, optical anisotropy, birefringence, interband transitions, The transition rate for direct absorption, Band edge absorption in direct gap semiconductors, inter band absorption above the band edge, measurement of absorption spectra, Excitations, free excitations, excitations in external fields, Luminescence, interband luminescence, photoluminescence, electroluminescence, Semiconductor quantum wells, the quantum stark effect, Quantum dots, Plasma reflectivity, Free carrier conductivity, the Drude model, impurity absorption Plasmon, phonons, infrared active phonons, infrared reflectivity and absorption, the classical oscillator model, The Lyddance-Sachs-Teller relationship, polaritons, polarons, inelastic light scattering. Phonon life time Nonlinear optics, the nonlinear susceptibility tensor, the physical origin of optical nonlinearities, second order nonlinearities, third order nonlinear effects.

Recommended Books:

1. Elliot & Gibbson, An Introduction to Solid State & its Applications, Wiley, 2019.
2. C. Kittle, Introduction to Solid State, (8th edition) Wiley, 2015.
3. M. Fox Properties of Solids, Oxford University Press, 2020.
4. D. Daniela, Optical Characterization of Solids, Springer, 2017.
5. F. Wooten, Optical Properties of Solids, Academic Press. 2018.

PH-9004: Atomic and Molecular Physics 3(3-0)

One Electron Atoms: Review of Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom, Reduced Mass, Atomic Units and Wavenumbers, Energy Levels and Spectra, Schrodinger Equation for One-Electron Atoms, Quantum Angular Momentum and Spherical Harmonics, Electron Spin, Spin-Orbit interaction. Levels and Spectroscopic Notation, Lamb Shift, Hyperfine Structure and Isotopic Shifts. Rydberg Atoms. Interaction of One-Electron Atoms with Electromagnetic Radiation: Radiative Transition Rates, Dipole Approximation, Einstein Coefficients, Selection Rules, Dipole Allowed and Forbidden Transitions. Metastable Levels, Line Intensities and Lifetimes of Excited States, Shape and Width of Spectral Lines, Scattering of Radiation by Atomic Systems, Zeeman Effect, Linear and Quadratic Stark Effect. Many-Electron Atoms: Schrodinger Equation for Two-Electron Atoms, Para and Ortho States, Pauli’s Principle and Periodic Table, Coupling of Angular Momenta, L-S and J-J Coupling. Ground State and Excited States of Multi-Electron Atoms, Configurations and Terms. Molecular Structure and Spectra: Structure of Molecules, Covalent and Ionic Bonds, Electronic Structure of Diatomic Molecules, Rotation and Vibration of Diatomic Molecules, Born-Oppenheimer Approximation. Electronic Spectra, Transition Probabilities and Selection Rules, Frank- Condon Principle, H2+ and H2. Effects of Symmetry and Exchange. Bonding and Anti-bonding Orbitals. Electronic Spin and Hund’s Cases, Nuclear Motion: Rotation and Vibrational Spectra (Rigid Rotation, Harmonic Vibrations). Selection Rules. Spectra of Triatomic and Polyatomic Molecules, Raman Spectroscopy, Mossbauer Spectroscopy.

Recommended Books:

1. B.H. Bransden and C.J. Joachain, Physics of Atoms and Molecules, 2nd edition, 2018.
2. R.L. Brooks, The Fundamentals of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Springer 2013.
3. Atomic physics Oxford: Oxford University Press, xiii, ISBN: 0-19-850695-3, 2020.
4. Weinheim, Molecular physics: theoretical principles and experimental methods: Wiley-VCH: 2005, ISBN: 3-527-40566-6.

PH-9005: Nanotechnology and Nanoelectronics 3(3-0)

Nanosemiconductor: Nanowires, nanobelts, nanoribbons, nanorods. Devices, Circuits and Systems: The Ballistic Nanotransistors, scattering theory of the MOSFET. Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors. Transistors at the Molecular Scale. Focus is on the device and operation principles. Device and material options for advanced silicon: FETs at the nanoscale. Nano-circuits built using semiconductor nanowires. Non-silicon-based devices such as carbon nanotubes, semiconductor nanowires. Non-FET based devices: Molecular devices, Single electron transistors (SET), resonant tunneling diodes (RTD), and quantum dots, logic and memory devices.

Recommended Books:

1. S.H. Voldman, Failure Mechanisms and Models, Wiley, 2019.
2. V. V. Mitin, V.A. Kocheleap and M.A. Strucioby, Introduction to Nanoelectronics, Cambridge University Press, 2018.
3. C. P. Poole and Frank, Introduction to Nanotechnology, John Wiley & Sons. Inc, 2013.
4. K. Goser, Nanoelectronics and Nanosystems, Springer, 2018.

PH-9006: Environmental Physics 3(3-0)

Principal layers, troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, Ideal gas model revisited,exponential variation of pressure with height, Escape velocity, Temperature structure and lapse rate. The Sun as the prime source of energy for the earth, Solar energy input, cycles daily and annual, Spectrum of solar radiation reaching the earth, Total radiation and the Stefan Boltzmann,. Thermodynamics of moist air and cloud formation, Growth of water droplets in clouds, Rain and thunderstorms. Measuring the wind; the Beaufort scale, Origin of winds; the atmosphere as a heat engine, The principal forces acting on an air parcel, Cyclones and anticyclones, Thermal gradients and winds, Global convection and global wind patterns. Design of buildings. Atmospheric pollution; acid rain: Systems approaches to environmental issues, Acid rain as a regional problem. Sound and noise: Definition of the decibel and A-weighted sound levels, Measures of noise levels; effect of noise levels on hearing, Domestic noise; design of partitions.

Recommended Books:

1. J.H. Seinfeld, S.N. Pandi, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", John Wiley & sons. 2018.
2. H.B. Singh, Composition, Chemistry and Climate of the Atmosphere, 2017.
3. W.C. Hinds, Aerosol Technology. Properties, behavior and measurement of airborne particles, Wiley Interscience. 2015.
4. I., Colbeck, Aerosol Science: Technology and Applications, Wiley Interscience, 2014.

PH-9007: Physics of superconductivity 3(3-0)

Discovery, zero resistance and critical temperature, magnetization, perfect diamagnetism, Meissner effect, trapped flux, type I and II behavior, superconducting elements and compounds, cuprate superconductors, structures and preparation, doing phase diagram. Qualitative Description of the Superconducting State, The pair state, effective wave function. Y(r), time-and space-dependence of the phase, Aharonov-Bohm effect, London equations, penetration depth, flux quantization, gauge invariance. Thermodynamics of Superconductors, Free energy, critical field, heat capacity, second-order phase transition, demagnetizing effects. Josephson Effects, Discovery (including single particle tunneling), principles, quantum interference, DC and rf. SQUIDS, applications of SQUIDS, AC effects, voltage standard. Ginzburg-Landau Theory and Type II behavior, Landau theory of phase transitions, Ginzburg-landau free energy and equations, type II behavior and flux lines, flux pinning, current carrying capacity, beam model, practical magnet materials, superconducting magnets and their uses.

Recommended Books:

1. J. R Waldram, Superconductivity of Metals and Cuprates, IOP Publ. 2015.
2. M. Tinkham, Introduction to Superconductivity, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2016.
3. D.M Ginsberg, Physical Properties of High-Temperature Superconductors, World Scientific, 2017.

PH-9008: Photovoltaic Energy and its Applications 3(3-0)

Photovoltaic (PV) device, PV in the context of global energy demand and climate change, History of PV development and deployment, Overview of PV technologies, The solar resource: Spectra, insolation, diffuse vs. direct, atmospheric absorption (AM0 and. AM1.5), metrics for specifying system output, land area requirements, Review of semiconductor physics, Semiconductor equations, light absorption and charge generation, recombination, Analysis of pn junctions, depletion approximation, solution of semiconductor equations in depletion approximation, derivation of ideal diode law, solar cell performance output parameters, Ideal efficiency limits, Practical sources of loss, equivalent circuit model, characterizing solar cell performance, Improving efficiency by reducing optical losses: texturing, anti-reflection coatings, light trapping, photon recycling, concentrating PV (CPV) , Overview of commercial technologies, Commercial Technologies, Crystalline Si (c-Si), Commercial Technologies, Thin film Si (amorphous and crystalline), Commercial Technologies, CdTe and CIGS, Emerging Technologies: organic PV (OPV) perovskites, CZTS, Economics of PV; Environmental impact and benefit of PV: Life cycle analysis, energy pay back timing, resource extraction and limitations.

Recommended Books:

1. G. Martin, Solar Cells: Operating Principles Technology, 2015.
2. P. Wurfel, Physics of Solar Cells: From Basic Principles to Advanced Concepts. Wiley VCH, 2019.
3. K. Mertens, Photovoltaics: Fundamentals, Technology and practice. Wiley, 2014.
4. N. Reinders, Verlinden, W. van Sark, A. Freundlich. Photovoltaic Solar Energy: From Fundamentals to Applications, Wiley & Sons. 2018.
5. Solar Electric Handbook: Photovoltaics Fundamentals and applications by solar energy international, 2017.

PH-9009: Computer Modeling & Simulation (Cr.3)

Development of Systems Simulation: Basic simulation methodology Techniques for the steady state simulation: techniques for sensitivity estimation, simulation-based optimization techniques, stochastic approximation techniques, meta-modeling and the goal seeking problems, "What-if" analysis techniques, likelihood ratio (LR) Method, exponential tangential in expectation method, interpolation techniques. Building a simulation model: The machine interference model, the generation of pseudo- random numbers, the generation of stochastic. Simulation designs: The OR approach, estimation techniques for analyzing endogenously created data, transient state vs. steady-state simulation, validation of a simulation model, variance reduction techniques and simulation projects, Quantum Monte Carlo.

Recommended Books:

1. F. Neelamkavil, Computer Simulation and Modeling, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2012.
2. J. A. Sokolowski, C. M. Banks, Modeling and Simulation Fundamentals, Wiley Blackwell, 2015.
3. B. P. Zeigler, Theory of Modeling and simulation, Krieger Publishing Company, 2016.
4. D. Rabee, Computational materials Science, Wiley Inc. 2018.
5. A. M. Ovrutsky, A. S. Prokhoda, and M. S. Rasshchupkyna, Computational Materials Science: Surfaces, Interfaces, Elsevier, 2018.

PH-9010 Smart Nanomaterials 3(3-0)

Brief introduction of nanoparticles, its scope, magnetic nanoparticles inside and everywhere around, most extensively studied magnetic nanoparticles and their preparation, metals, nanoparticles of rare earth metals, oxidation of metallic nanoparticles, magnetic alloys, Fe–Co alloys, magnetic oxides, magnetic moments and their interactions with magnetic fields. Bohr magneton, spin and orbital magnetic moments, magnetic dipole moments in an external magnetic field, the spontaneous magnetization, anisotropy, domains, the spontaneous magnetization, temperature dependence of the magnetization in the molecular field approximation, Curie temperature in the Weiss Heisenberg model curie temperature in the stoner model, the meaning of exchange in the Weiss Heisenberg and stoner models, thermal excitations: spin waves, the magnetic anisotropy, the shape anisotropy ,the magneto-crystalline anisotropy. Magnetic microstructure: magnetic domains and domain walls, ferromagnetic domains, antiferromagnetic domains, magnetization curves and hysteresis loops.

Recommended Books:

1. S. Blundell, Magnetism in condensed matter, Oxford University Press. 2012.
2. R. Skomski, Simple models of magnetism, Oxford University Press. 2018.
3. J.M.D. Coey, Magnetism and magnetic materials, Cambridge University Press. 2012.
4. A.P. Guimaraes, Principles of nano magnetism, Springer. 2015.
5. Z. Markus, ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY - A PROBLEM-SOLVING APPROACH, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2003.

PH-9011: Theory of Condensed Matter (Cr.3)

Electronic Structure of Solids, Independent particles in periodic potential, Bolch’s theorem, nearly free electron and tight binding methods, Pseudo potentials, density functional theory, Metals, Density of states, Fermi surfaces, exchange and correlation in the electron gas, screening, Insulators and Semiconductors, Ionic and covalent bonding, real and momentum space description, electronic structure of simple semiconductors. Solids in External magnetic field, Pauli-paramagnetism of conduction electrons, Landau-diamagnetism of conduction electrons, De Haas-van Alphen effect, the quantum Hall effect. Optical Processes and Excitons: optical Reflectance, Kramer-Kronig relation, exactions, Frenkel exactions, MottWannier exactions, Raman effect in crystals. Collective Quantum Phenomena in Condensed Matter, Collective modes, Correlation functions and response functions, response of independent electron gas, electron-phonon interaction, Ginzburg-Landau theory of phase transition, polarons, metal-insulator transitions, Wigner crystal, superconductivity, pairing and elementary BCS theory, Josephson effect.

Recommended Books:

1. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State, 8th Edition, Wiley. 2015.
2. J. M. Ziman, Principles of the Theory of Solids, Springer. 2012.
3. Elliott S.R, The Theory of Solids, Wiley. 2010.
4. L.M. Sander, Advanced Condensed Matter, Cambridge University Press. 2019.
5. P. Phillips, Advanced solid-state Physics, Cambridge University Press. 2012.

PH-9012: Advance Plasma Physics (Cr.3)

Basic concepts of inertial and magnetic confinement fusion schemes, fusion reactor physics, thermonuclear fusion reaction criteria and driver requirements, scenario for ICF, fusion fuel burn physics. The physics of hydrodynamic compression, plasma hydrodynamic, shock wave propagation in plasmas, isentropic compression, hydrodynamic stability of the implosion process, equation of state models, and ablation driven compression. Energy transport in ICF plasmas, electron thermal conduction, thermal conduction inhibition, spontaneous magnetic field generation, supra-thermal electron transport, radiation transport models. Nonlinear mechanisms in plasmas, solitary waves and solitons, ion-acoustic solitary wave, the Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) equation, ion-acoustic and Alfven wave solitons, Nonlinear Schrodinger equation, Nonlinear Landau damping, Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) modes, and introduction to dusty plasmas with applications.

Recommended Books:

1. J. J. Duderstadt and G. A. Moses, Inertial Confinement Fusion, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 2012.
2. D. G. Swanson, Plasma Waves, IoP, Bristol and Philadelphia. 2013.
3. P. K. Shukla and A. A. Mamun, Introduction to Dusty Plasma Physics, IoP, Bristol and Philadelphia. 2015.
4. F. F. Chen, Introduction to Plasma Physics and controlled Fusion, Springer. 2016.
5. A. Piel, Plasma Physics: An introduction to Laboratory, Space and Fusion Plasma, Springer, 2015.

PH-9013: Advanced thin Film Technology 3(3-0)

Deposition by various PVD techniques such as evaporation, sputtering, ion-plating as well as chemical coating methods (CVD and ALD). Plasma technologies for thin films. Fundamental physical and chemical processes. Effect of the substrate on the film growth and techniques for surface modification. Models for nucleation and film growth. Morphology and texture and their impact on material properties. Applications of thin film materials and deposition technologies.

Recommended Books:

1. O. Milton, Materials science of thin films: deposition and structure, Elsevier, 2015.
2. K. Wasa et al., Thin films Materials Technology, Springer, 2012.
3. D. L. Smith, Thin-film deposition: principles and practice New York: McGraw-Hill, cop. 2005.
4. H. Frey, Handbook of Thin film technology, Springer, 2015.
5. A. Wagendristel, An introduction to Physics and Technology of Thin films, World Scientific, 2015.

PH-9014 Advanced Characterization Techniques 3(3-0)

Importance of Rietveld refinement in XRD (fundamental), Lattice parameters, Structure analysis, Phase identification, Crystallite size analysis using Scherrer's formula, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX).Crystal structure and phase identification determination by XRD (Biovia MS and phase identification by using relevant software). Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Highresolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Photo-luminescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Familiarization with the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. Band gap calculation from photo-luminescence spectra. Nanomaterials Electrical and Magnetic Characterization Techniques: Measurement of resistivity by 4-probe method, Hall measurement, Measurement of magnetic of properties of nanomaterial (Magnetic hysteresis and dielectric properties by LCR meter), Vibrating sample magnetometer. Mechanical Characterization Techniques: Elastic and plastic deformation-mechanical properties of materials, models for interpretation of nanoindentation load-displacement curves, Nanoindentation data analysis methods-Hardness testing of thin films and coatings, Mechanical properties evaluation by universal testing machine (UTM), Dynamic mechanical analysis. Physical and Optical Characterizations of Nanostructured Materials”Introduction to particle size characterization, Zeta potential measurement – Particle size analysis, specific surface area by BET analysis, Photoconductivity. Thermal and Electrochemical Characterization: Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), Differential thermal analyzer (DTA), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Electrochemical analysis (Charging-discharging cyclic voltammetry).

Recommended Books:

1. T. J. Bruno, ASM Handbook: Materials Characterization, ASM International, 2012.
2. Y. Leng: Materials Characterization-Introduction to Microscopic and Spectroscopic Methods, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd., 2018.
3. R. F. Speyer, Thermal Analysis of Materials, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 2010.
4. K. Geoff Smith, M. Simons and B. Raguse, Nanotechnology-Basic Science and Emerging Technologies, Mick Wilson, , Overseas Press. 2015.
5. S. Zhang, Materials Characterization Techniques, Taylor & Francis, 2012.

PH-9015 Physics of Surface and Interfaces 3(3-0)

Geometrical lattice structure, surface morphology, electronic structure, surface composition, kinetics and dynamics (adsorption, vibrations, diffusion, desorption), structure and reactivity of surface molecules, catalysis and surface reactions. Surfaces of metals, oxides, semiconductors will be considered, as well as solid-solid and solid liquid interfaces, and confinement effects in 2D, 1D and 0D cases. Modern experimental methods (ultra-high vacuum based, and in air) will be discussed: theoretical bases, experimental aspects and data interpretation.

Recommended Books:

1. K. W. Kolasinski, Surface Science: Foundations of Catalysis and Nanoscience. 2nd ed.; Wiley & Sons: Chichester, England; Hoboken, NJ, 2015.
2. A. Zangwill, Physics at Surfaces. Cambridge University Press: New York, 2012.
3. D.P. Woodruff, T.A. Delchar, Modern Techniques of Surface Science. 2nd ed.; Cambridge University Press: New York, 2014.
4. J. C. Vickerman, Surface Analysis - The Principal Techniques. John Wiley: New York, 2015.
5. H. Ibach, Physics of Surfaces and Interfaces, Springer, 2016.

PH-9016 Medical Physics 3(3-0)

Interactions of lionizing Radiation with Matter: The development of radiotherapy, Radio therapeutic aims, External beam therapy, Brach therapy, unsealed source therapy, Medical Imaging: Radiation Dosimetry: The Bragg-Gray Cavity theory. Methods of Dosimetry: Health Physics: Cardinal principles of radiation protection, minimize time, Maximize distance, Maximize shielding, Time, Distance and shielding, Maximum permissible dose, whole-body occupational exposure, whole-body non-occupational exposure, partial body occupational exposure, X-ray and pregnancy, Basic radiation safety criteria, effective dose-equivalent, allowable limit on intake (ALI), inhaled radioactivity, derived air concentration, Gastrointestinal tract, Basis of radiation safety regulations.

Recommended Books:

1. RIEGLER W. 2008, CERN, Academic Training Course.
2. Forty R. 2010, ICFA, Instrumentation School.
3. Armstrong P and L Martin. Diagnostic Imaging 4th Ed. Blackwell Science Ltd.
4. Bushong S C. 2019, Radiologic Science of Technologists. 5th Ed. Mosby.
5. Cember H. 2021, Introduction to Health Physics. 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill, New York.

PH – 9017 Antenna Design and Theory 3(3-0)

Theory and applications of transmission lines, Parallel plate transmission line, general transmission line equations, wave characteristics on finite transmission lines, transients on transmission lines, Smith chart transmission line impedance matching, waveguides and cavity resonator, types of waveguides, Microwave network analysis: Impedance and equivalent voltages and currents, impedance and admittance, scattering matrix, transmission matrix, signal flow graphs, discontinuities and modal analysis, Antennas theory and radiating systems: Radiation fields of elemental dipoles, antenna patterns and antenna parameters, thin linear antennas, antenna arrays, internal impedance and directional pattern, effective area, back scattering cross section.

Recommended Books:

1. Peter A. Rizzi, Microwave engineering: Passive circuits, Prentice-Hall International, 2000.
2. David M. Pozar, Microwave engineering, 4th edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
3. David K. Cheng, Field and wave electromagnetics, 2nd edition, Addition-Wesley, New York, 2006
4. W. M. Steen, J. Mazumder and K. G. Watkins, Laser Material Processing, Springer, 4th edition, 2010.

PH – 9018 Physics for renewable energy sources 3(3-0)

Promising renewable energy sources, their potential availability and present status, existing technologies and availability, solar energy: Sun-Earth relationship, solar geometry, sun path and solar irradiance, solar spectrum. Solar constant, atmospheric effects, heat transfer, transmission through glass, absorption transmission of sun energy, selective surfaces, performance, and efficiency, solar cell working, efficiencies, different types of solar cells, characteristics, (dark, under illumination), performance and applications, Wind: Global distribution, resource assessment, wind speed, height and topographic effects, power extraction for wind energy conversion, wind mills, their types, capacity, properties, wind mills for water lifting and power generation, environmental effect., Hydropower: Global resources, and their assessment, classification, micro, mini, small and large sources principles of energy conversion; turbines, their working and efficiency for micro to small power systems, environmental impact, Biogas: Biomass sources; residue, farms, forest. Solid wastes; agricultural, industrial and municipal wastes etc.; applications, Geothermal: Temperature variation in the earth, sites, potentials, availability, extraction techniques, applications; water and space heating, power generations, problems, environmental effects, nuclear: Global generations of reserves through reprocessing and breeder reactors, growth rate prospect of nuclear fusion, safety and hazards issue.

Recommended Books:

1. Manfred Grathwhol. World Energy Supply: Resources, Technologies and Prospective, Walter deGruyter-Berlin, Latest edition.
2. J.W Twidell and A.D. Weir. Resources, E & F.N. Spon Ltd, London, Latest edition.
3. M Iqbal. An Introduction to Solar Radiation, Academic Press, Canada, Latest edition.
4. Simon Roberts. A Practical Guide to Solar Electricity, Prentice Hall, Latest edition.
5. Martin A G. Solar cells: Operating Principles, Technology, & System Application, Prentice Hall, Latest edition.

1. Applicant having MS in Physics / Electronics / Advanced Materials / Electrical Engineering degree with minimum CGPA 3.00/4.00 or 3.50/5.00 in semester system or 60% marks in annual system is eligible to apply.
2. Applicants having terminal degrees as prescribed in condition no. 01, are required to qualify NTU-GAT (General) test with minimum 60% score while applicants having different terminal degree are required to qualify NTU-GAT (Subject) test additionally with minimum 50% score as per HEC.
3. Applicant having MS or equivalent degree without thesis is not eligible to apply.
4. It is mandatory to pass interview in order to compete on merit.
5. Applicant must not be already registered as a student in any other academic program in Pakistan or abroad.
6. Result waiting applicants may apply for admission, however their merit will be finalized only on submission of final MS/M.Phil or equivalent official transcript or degree.
7. Relevant Admission Committee will determine relevancy of terminal degree and decide deficiency course/s (if any) at the time of admission interview, the detail of which will be provided to the student in his/her admission letter/email.
8. Deficiency course/s will be treated as non-credit and qualifying course/s for which student will also pay extra dues as per fee policy. Those course/s will neither be mentioned in student’s final transcript nor will be included for calculation of CGPA. However, the student may obtain his/her a separate transcript for completion of deficiency course/s.

Merit / Admission Criteria

The applications shall be evaluated according to the following criteria for making the merit list.

M.Phil./MS Physics:	50% weightage
M.Sc./B.S. Physics:	30% weightage
Publications/relative experience	10% weightage (05% + 05%)
Interview result	10% weightage

Note:

1. Tuition Fee will increase @ 2.5% Per Annum in Subsequent Years.
2. The security deposit is against breakage and/or any other damage caused by the students.
3. The security deposit is refundable within two year after the completion of degree or leaving the University without completion or expulsion from the University. After Two years all the unclaimed securities will be forfeited.
4. If any student fails to submit semester dues till sixth week from the commencement of semester then the student's admission will be cancelled. Student may sit in mid exam after the payment of re-admission fee of Rs.15,000/- long with semester dues

Click Here to Apply